Non-ferrous mining sites outside the nominates Site (within Cornwall and Devon, the UK and Eire)
 

The selected areas within the nominated Site were chosen to express its outstanding universal value. There are however other mining cultural landscapes in the region which can be regarded as important within the setting of the proposed World Heritage Site. Examples include: the Mary Tavy/Peter Tavy mining district north of Tavistock (A10ii) which is historically significant in terms of the development of Tavistock and its canal; the Trencrom area near St Ives and the Polgooth mining district near St Austell (which has both historical and survival significance).

There are also extensive areas of medieval tin-streaming on Dartmoor, Bodmin Moor and St Austell Moor in particular. Such areas contain individual sites and monuments of archaeological importance both to local communities, and as part of the setting of the nominated Site.

Principal differences in comparison with the nominated Site:

  • too geographically remote from nominated bid areas;

  • insufficient survival of coherent mining landscape;

  • range of components not large enough to be proposed as additional elements of the nominated Site.

The places shown above represent former mining districts whose locations fall outside nominated bid areas in Cornwall and West Devon. © HES.

Copper mining was relatively widespread in the United Kingdom but only Parys Mountain in Anglesey (Wales) seriously challenged Cornish production; indeed it exceeded it for a period during the second half of the eighteenth century. The copper was principally extracted by opencast methods which created a spectacular mining landscape. The nearby copperore harbour of Amlwch and its associated smelting and industrial complex is an exceptional late eighteenth century survival.

The Great Orme at Llandudno in Wales is an important prehistoric mining site. Alderley Edge in Cheshire is notable for its Roman associations. At Coniston in the Lake District of Cumbria, copper mines were developed in the seventeenth century and worked on a large scale during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, powered principally by water. There are Welsh copper mining sites in Cardiganshire and Snowdonia. They too were water-powered.
 

Copper-mining sites in Eire

Southern Ireland (Eire) is notable for nineteenth century copper mining and as a classic example of a Cornish-derived steam-powered mining landscape. The most important mines, around Berehaven and West Carbery in County Cork, Knockmahon in Waterford and Avoca in Wicklow, were all directly associated with Cornish mining. Cornish engine houses remain and the man-engine house at Mountain Mine on the Atlantic coast at Allihies in Cork is particularly notable. The significance of these mining landscapes is recognised and preservation schemes are progressing under the direction of the Mining Heritage Society of Ireland.
 

Lead- and zinc-mining sites in the United Kingdom

Lead- and zinc-mining in the United Kingdom shared a number of technologies with Cornish mining, particularly water-power for pumping, ore-processing technologies and, though on a much smaller scale, steam-pumping.

England (lead-zinc)

Lead and zinc was mined extensively in northern England: in the east and west Pennines; the Peak District of Derbyshire, where at least three Cornish engine houses survive; in the Yorkshire Dales at Grassington, and in Lancashire. In central England it was mined in Shropshire, notably at Snailbeach and Tankerville where there are Cornish engine houses. In the south west, outside Devon and Cornwall, lead was mined principally in the Mendip Hills, Somerset, where evidence of Roman mining exists.

Wales (lead-zinc)

Lead was mined in all the Welsh counties. Water-power predominates but steam-power was adopted, using Cornish engines, particularly in the Flintshire/ Denbighshire mines. Several engine houses survive in addition to one at Frongoch.

Other United Kingdom (lead-zinc)

Wanlockhead in Scotland and Laxey on the Isle of Man were also significant sources of lead and zinc.
 

United Kingdom non-ferrous mining sites outside the nominated Site. © HES.

Other non-ferrous United Kingdom mining

This includes gold such as at Dolaucothi in Wales where a Roman mine is preserved together with eighteenth- and nineteenth-century technologies.

 
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Updated: 20/11/2008

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